2015年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)閱讀復(fù)習(xí)

　　Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance

　　The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to 1imit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

　　An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)，and，in particular，has raised, awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.

　　While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear，this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission，and to define the most effective measures for control.

　　Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments. the pharmaceutical industry，and international agencies.

　　WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use，including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics：introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures. including the use of hand-washing measures，particularly in healthcare facilities.

　　Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.

　　WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies，and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.

　　警惕抗菌藥物的耐藥性

　　微生物引發(fā)感染后需要藥物治療，但是這些微生物漸漸對(duì)特效藥產(chǎn)生了抗藥性。細(xì)菌的抗藥性。逐漸成為全球關(guān)注的公眾衛(wèi)生事件。一些細(xì)菌通過(guò)改變自身機(jī)理，對(duì)許多用于治療感染的抗生素藥 物產(chǎn)生了抗藥性(這就是所謂的“多重耐藥菌”)，從而使治療變得很棘手，因?yàn)樵谥委熯^(guò)程人們只有很少的選擇，甚至已經(jīng)沒(méi)有選擇。這些問(wèn)題成為一個(gè)日趨嚴(yán)重的全球性公眾健康問(wèn)題。世界衛(wèi)生組 織建議各國(guó)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備實(shí)施醫(yī)院感染控制措施，以限制多重耐藥菌的種類，并加強(qiáng)全國(guó)性政策謹(jǐn)慎使用。抗生素以減少耐藥菌的產(chǎn)生。

　　2010年8月11日刊登在《柳葉刀一傳染病》期刊上的一篇文章中提到一種基因，這種基因可以 使多種類型的細(xì)菌對(duì)幾乎所有的抗生素產(chǎn)生極強(qiáng)的耐藥性，引起了世人對(duì)AMR(即“耐藥性”)，尤其是對(duì)多重耐藥菌感染的關(guān)注。

　　多重耐藥菌不是新生細(xì)菌，并且還會(huì)不斷出現(xiàn)，這就需要對(duì)其實(shí)施監(jiān)控和深入研究，以便了解多 重耐藥菌傳播的范圍和方式，從而采取有效手段進(jìn)行防控。

　　這就要求人們提高對(duì)細(xì)菌耐藥性的警惕，并且消費(fèi)者、醫(yī)院管理人員、病人、政府、藥品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)以及國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)都要采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆?dòng)。

　　世界衛(wèi)生組織強(qiáng)烈呼吁各國(guó)政府在以下領(lǐng)域采取集中控制和防御措施：AMR監(jiān)管，抗生素合理使用，對(duì)公眾及醫(yī)務(wù)人員正確使用抗生素的教育，立法限制非處方購(gòu)買(mǎi)抗生素以及對(duì)感染的預(yù)防和控制措施，包括洗手這種方法，尤其是在醫(yī)療界。

　　對(duì)多重耐藥菌的成功防控已經(jīng)在許多國(guó)家得到了證實(shí)，只要能夠系統(tǒng)地運(yùn)用，現(xiàn)有的預(yù)防和控制手段可以有效地減少多重耐藥菌的傳播。

　　世界衛(wèi)生組織將一如既往地支持各國(guó)實(shí)施相關(guān)措施，并協(xié)調(diào)所有國(guó)際努力，與細(xì)菌耐藥性進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)。耐藥性將成為2011年世界健康日的主題。

　　詞匯：

　　Evade vt.逃避，避開(kāi) prudent adj.慎重的，謹(jǐn)慎的

　　Pose vt.提出 monitor vt.監(jiān)控

　　alternative adj.可供選擇的(途徑或事物) surveillance n.監(jiān)視，監(jiān)管

　　rational adj.合理的，有理性的

　　implement vt.實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)施 adherence n.堅(jiān)持，固守

　　strain n.種類 document vt.證明，支持

　　reinforce vt.加強(qiáng)力量 relevant adj.相關(guān)的

　　注釋：

　　1.be alert to：對(duì)……警覺(jué)，注意

　　2.The Lancet Infectious Diseases：《柳葉刀一傳染病》期刊

　　3.antimicrobial resistance(AMR)：抗菌藥物耐藥性