1.铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勪竴绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎸囧湪铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙涓�锛屽緸N-绔嚦C-绔殑姘ㄥ熀閰告帓鍒楅爢搴忥紝鍗宠泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙涓皑鍩洪吀鐨勬帓鍒楅爢搴�锛屼富瑕佸寲瀛�(xu茅)閸垫槸鑲介嵉銆�

2.铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勪簩绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙涓煇涓€娈佃偨閺堢殑灞€閮ㄧ┖闁撶祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼篃灏辨槸瑭叉鑲介張楠ㄦ灦鍘熷瓙鐨勭浉灏嶇┖闁撲綅缃紝骞朵笉娑夊強姘ㄥ熀閰告畼鍩哄伌(c猫)閺堢殑妲�(g貌u)璞�銆傚眬閮ㄨ偨閺堜富閺堥鏋跺師瀛愮殑鐩稿皪绌洪枔浣嶇疆锛屽寘鎷細α铻烘棆銆�β鎶樼枈銆�β杞�(zhu菐n)瑙掑拰鐒¤(gu墨)鍗锋洸銆�

3.铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勪笁绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎸囨暣姊濊偨閺堜腑鍏ㄩ儴姘ㄥ熀閰告畼鍩虹殑鐩稿皪绌洪枔浣嶇疆锛屽嵆鑲介張涓墍鏈夊師瀛愬湪涓夌董绌洪枔鐨勬帓甯冧綅缃�銆�

4.铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫洓绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙涓悇浜炲熀鐨勭┖闁撴帓甯冨強浜炲熀鎺ヨЦ閮ㄤ綅鐨勫竷灞€鍜岀浉浜掍綔鐢紝绋辩偤铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫洓绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傛矮閸靛拰闆㈠瓙閸电偤鍚勪簽鍩洪枔鐨勪富瑕佺祼(ji茅)鍚堝姏銆�

5.α-铻烘棆锛氬鑲介張涓婚張鍦嶇篂涓績杌稿憟鏈夎(gu墨)寰嬪湴铻烘棆寮忎笂鍗�锛岄爢鏅�(sh铆)閻樿蛋鍚戯紝鍗冲彸鎵嬭灪鏃�锛屾瘡闅�3.6鍊�(g猫)姘ㄥ熀閰告畼鍩轰笂鍗囦竴鍦�锛岃灪璺濈偤0.54nm銆�α-铻烘棆鐨勬瘡鍊�(g猫)鑲介嵉鐨凬-H鍜岀鍥涘€�(g猫)鑲介嵉鐨勭晶鍩烘哀褰㈡垚姘嵉锛屾矮閸电殑鏂瑰悜鑸囪灪鏃嬮暦杌稿熀鏈钩褰€€�

6.铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)璁婃€э細鍦ㄦ煇浜涚墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍥犵礌浣滅敤涓�锛屽叾鐗瑰畾鐨勭┖闁撴(g貌u)璞¤鐮村锛屽緸鑰屽皫(d菐o)鑷村叾鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勬敼璁婂拰鐢熺墿娲绘€х殑鍠け銆備富瑕佺偤浜岀～閸靛拰闈炲叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑鐮村锛屼笉娑夊強涓€绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬敼璁�銆傝畩鎬у悗锛屽叾婧惰В搴﹂檷浣庯紝绮樺害澧炲姞锛岀祼(ji茅)鏅惰兘鍔涙秷澶�锛岀敓鐗╂椿鎬у柂澶�锛屾槗琚泲鐧介叾姘磋В銆�

7.鏍搁吀鐨勫熀鏈祫鎴愬柈浣嶆槸鏍歌嫹閰搞€�

8.DNA鍫垮熀绲勬垚瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶細A=T;C≡G銆�

9.DNA鐨勫弽鍚戝钩琛岋紝鍙虫墜铻烘棆鐨勯洐閺堢祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岃劔姘ф牳绯栧拰纾烽吀鍩哄湗(tu谩n)绲勬垚瑕按鎬ч鏋�锛屼綅浜庨洐閺堢殑澶栧伌(c猫)锛岃€岀枏姘寸殑鍫垮熀浣嶄簬鍏�(n猫i)鍋�(c猫)锛岃灪鏃嬬洿寰戠偤2nm锛岃灪璺濈偤3.54nm銆�

浠ュ熀鍥犵殑褰㈠紡鍌抽仦閬哄偝淇℃伅锛屽苟浣滅偤鍩哄洜寰�(f霉)鍒跺拰杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑妯℃澘锛屾槸閬哄偝鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)鍩虹(ch菙)鍜岀敓鍛芥椿鍕曠殑淇℃伅鍩虹(ch菙)銆�

10.澧炶壊鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛欴NA璁婃€у悗锛屽湪260nm娉㈤暦铏曠殑鍏夊惛鏀跺寮�(qi谩ng)銆侱NA鍒嗗瓙鍏�(n猫i)50%鐨勯洐铻烘棆绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)琚牬澹炴檪(sh铆)鐨勬韩搴︾ū鐐烘憾瑙ｆ韩搴︼紝鐢═m琛ㄧず銆侱NA鍒嗗瓙鐨凾m鍊煎ぇ灏忚垏鍏禗NA闀风煭浠ュ強鍫垮熀涓殑G+C鍚噺鐩搁棞(gu膩n)锛孏+C姣斾緥瓒婇珮锛孴m鍊艰秺楂橈細闆㈠瓙寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹁秺楂�锛孴m鍊艰秺楂�銆�

11.鏍搁吀鐨勭传澶栫窔鍚告敹锛�260nm娉㈤暦铏曟湁鏈€澶х传澶栫窔鍚告敹銆�

12.hnRNA鐐簃RNA鐨勫垵绱氱敘(ch菐n)鐗�锛岀稉(j墨ng)閬庡壀鎺ュ垏闄ゅ収(n猫i)鍚瓙锛屾嫾鎺ュ椤瓙锛屾垚鐐烘垚鐔熺殑mRNA骞剁Щ浣嶅埌绱�(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)銆傛垚鐔焟RNA鐢辩法纰煎崁(q奴)鍜岄潪绶ㄧ⒓鍗€(q奴)妲�(g貌u)鎴�銆傜湡鏍哥敓鐗﹎RNA鏈�3'-鏈锛氬鑱欰灏剧祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙�5'-鏈锛氬附绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(7-鐢插熀槌ュ槍鍛ゅ強涓夌７閰搁偿鑻�)銆�

13.tRNA鍒嗗瓙涓惈鏈夌█鏈夊牽鍩恒€傚憟涓夎憠鑽夊舰锛屾湁DHU鐠�(hu谩n)銆乀ψC鐠�(hu谩n)锛屼笁绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍛堝€�“L”褰�銆�

14.閰剁殑鍖栧(xu茅)鏈唱(zh矛)鏄泲鐧借唱(zh矛)銆�

15.鑸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍏卞児(ji脿)绲�(ji茅)鍚堢殑杓旈叾绋辩偤杓斿熀銆�

16.閰跺彧鑳戒娇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍔犻€熼仈(d谩)鍒板钩琛￠粸(di菐n)锛岃€屼笉鑳芥敼璁婂钩琛￠粸(di菐n)銆�

17.绔剁埈鎬ф姂鍒跺姂锛歏max涓嶈畩锛孠m鍊煎澶�;闈炵鐖€ф姂鍒跺姂锛歏max闄嶄綆锛孠m鍊间笉璁�;鍙嶇鐖€ф姂鍒跺姂锛歏max銆並m鍧囬檷浣庛€�

18.纾烽吀鎴婄硸閫斿緫闂�(gu膩n)閸甸叾锛�6-纾烽吀钁¤悇绯栬劔姘叾銆傜敓鐞嗘剰缇╋細鐐烘牳閰哥殑鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鎻愪緵5-纾烽吀鏍哥硸;鎻愪緵NADPH銆�

19.鑴傝偑閰哥殑鍚堟垚浠ｈ瑵

鍚堟垚鍘熸枡锛氫富瑕佹槸涔欓叞CoA銆丯ADPH銆�

(1)涔欓叞CoA鐨勪締婧愶細鍏ㄩ儴鍦ㄧ窔绮掗珨鍏�(n猫i)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�锛岄€氶亷妾告閰�-涓欓叜閰稿惊鐠�(hu谩n)鍑虹窔绮掗珨銆�

(2)NADPH鐨勪締婧愶細纾烽吀鎴婄硸閫斿緫(涓昏渚嗘簮)銆�

20.姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑涓€鑸唬璎濓細杞�(zhu菐n)姘ㄥ熀浣滅敤銆佽劔姘ㄥ熀浣滅敤銆�α-閰吀鐨勪唬璎�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)姘ㄥ熀浣滅敤銆�

21.涓績娉曞墖锛氶伜鍌充俊鎭殑鍌抽仦鍖呮嫭DNA鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴�(寰�(f霉)鍒�)銆丷NA鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴�(杞�(zhu菐n)閷�)銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴�(缈昏)銆�

22.璧峰瀵嗙⒓瀛愶細AUG;绲傛瀵嗙⒓瀛愶細UAA銆乁AG銆乁GA銆�

灏忕法鎺ㄨ枽锛�2021骞寸敇鑲呰嚚搴婂姪鐞嗛啱(y墨)甯瓎瑭︽垚绺炬煡瑭㈡檪(sh铆)闁撻爯(y霉)娓�

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