2009年自考英語(二)精華復習筆記(2)


3.虛擬語氣
第一大類:非真實條件下的虛擬語氣
時間 |
從句 |
主句 |
與現(xiàn)在事實相反 |
did/ were |
should/could/would + do |
與過去事實相反 |
had done |
should/could/would + have done |
與將來事實相反 |
were to do should do |
should/could/would + do |
If I were you, I would be happy to do it.
If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.
If the job were to succeed, you should work harder.
第二大類:從句中用過去時或過去完成時的虛擬語氣
1) would rather + 從句
2) wish + 從句
3) if only + 從句
4) as if/ as though + 從句
5) It’s time + 從句
I would rather you didn’t tell me the story now.
I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.
第三大類:從句中用should加動詞原形的虛擬語氣,其中should可省略。
1) suggest, propose, advise, move(動議), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等動詞后接的賓語從句;
2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference等名詞后的同位語從句;
3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容詞用在it is … that…句型中;
4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引導的從句中。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.
He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting.
4.定語從句和名詞性從句
4.1 定語從句:限制性和非限制性定語從句
引導定語從句
1)關(guān)系代詞(在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語):which, that, who, whom, whose
2)關(guān)系副詞(在定語從句中作狀語):when, where, why, how
名詞性從句:主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句
引導名詞性從句:
1)主從連詞(不在從句中作任何成分):that, whether, if
2)連接代詞(在從句中作主語、賓語、表語):what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever…
3)連接副詞(在從句中作狀語):when, where, why, how
4.2 定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別
定語從句對名詞進行修飾限制,而同位語從句闡述的是名詞的具體內(nèi)容。從語法上看,that, which在定語從句中做主語或賓語,而同位語的引導詞that不在從句中擔任任何成分。
1) The story (that) he told me may not be true. 定語從句
2) The story that he has made a fortune may not be true. 同位語從句
4.3 什么時候用介詞+which 的形式?
如果定語從句缺主語或賓語,用that/ which 形式。如果定語從句缺狀語,用介詞+which形式。
1) The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.
2) The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.
4.4 which 和 as 引導非限制性定語從句
which 和 as 都能引導非限制性定語從句,修飾整個一句話。as有“正如”的意思,而which沒有。
1) He is easy to get angry, which is well known. 他很容易生氣,這一點大家都知道。
2) He is easy to get angry, as everybody knows. 正如大家都知道的那樣,他很容易生氣。
更多信息請訪問: 自學考試頻道 自考英語頻道 自考英語論壇 自學考試論壇
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