2010年自考英語(二)復(fù)習(xí)筆記(3)


3.虛擬語氣
第一大類:非真實(shí)條件下的虛擬語氣
時(shí)間 | 從句 | 主句 |
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 | did/ were | should/could/would + do |
與過去事實(shí)相反 | had done | should/could/would + have done |
與將來事實(shí)相反 | were to do should do | should/could/would + do |
If I were you, I would be happy to do it.
If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.
If the job were to succeed, you should work harder.
第二大類:從句中用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的虛擬語氣
1) would rather + 從句
2) wish + 從句
3) if only + 從句
4) as if/ as though + 從句
5) It’s time + 從句
I would rather you didn’t tell me the story now.
I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.
第三大類:從句中用should加動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語氣,其中should可省略。
1) suggest, propose, advise, move(動(dòng)議), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等動(dòng)詞后接的賓語從句;
2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference等名詞后的同位語從句;
3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容詞用在it is … that…句型中;轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引導(dǎo)的從句中。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.
He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting.
4.定語從句和名詞性從句
4.1 定語從句:限制性和非限制性定語從句
引導(dǎo)定語從句
1)關(guān)系代詞(在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語):which, that, who, whom, whose
2)關(guān)系副詞(在定語從句中作狀語):when, where, why, how
名詞性從句:主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:
1)主從連詞(不在從句中作任何成分):that, whether, if
2)連接代詞(在從句中作主語、賓語、表語):what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever…
3)連接副詞(在從句中作狀語):when, where, why, how
4.2 定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別
定語從句對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行修飾限制,而同位語從句闡述的是名詞的具體內(nèi)容。從語法上看,that, which在定語從句中做主語或賓語,而同位語的引導(dǎo)詞that不在從句中擔(dān)任任何成分。
1) The story (that) he told me may not be true. 定語從句
2) The story that he has made a fortune may not be true. 同位語從句
4.3 什么時(shí)候用介詞+which 的形式?轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
如果定語從句缺主語或賓語,用that/ which 形式。如果定語從句缺狀語,用介詞+which形式。
1) The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.
2) The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.
4.4 which 和 as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
which 和 as 都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾整個(gè)一句話。as有“正如”的意思,而which沒有。
1) He is easy to get angry, which is well known. 他很容易生氣,這一點(diǎn)大家都知道。
2) He is easy to get angry, as everybody knows. 正如大家都知道的那樣,他很容易生氣。
?2010年上半年自學(xué)考試報(bào)名時(shí)間匯總
?2010年高教自考英語網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)招生簡章
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